Developing a compiler involves building key components that process source code through multiple phases. These phases form the standard compiler pipeline, typically divided into front-end (analysis) and back-end (synthesis).
Front-End Components
Lexical Analyzer (Scanner) breaks source code into tokens like keywords, identifiers, and operators, ignoring whitespace and comments. Syntax Analyzer (Parser) takes tokens to build a parse tree, verifying grammar rules and structure. Semantic Analyzer checks meaning, types, scopes, and declarations for correctness beyond syntax. tencentcloud
Intermediate Representation
Intermediate Code Generator produces platform-independent IR (e.g., three-address code or bytecode) from the annotated parse tree. This step simplifies optimization and backend work. meegle
Back-End Components
Code Optimizer applies transformations like dead code elimination, constant folding, and loop unrolling to enhance performance without changing behavior. Code Generator translates optimized IR into target machine code or assembly, handling registers, instructions, and architecture specifics. Symbol Table and Error Handler support all phases by tracking identifiers and reporting issues. linkedin